Updated daily at 05:00 UTC
Benchmark
FrontierMath Tier 4 (v1)
Measures: The first private set of 48 exceptionally difficult research-level math problems in FrontierMath's Tier 4; replaced by v2 on 2026-06-12.
- Maintainer
- Epoch AI
- Introduced
- 2025
- Status
- Superseded
- Saturation
- Headroom
- Typical provenance
- Independent
- In scoring set
- No
Leaderboard
Every result we hold, whoever ran it. Only independent and third-party rows count towards a score.
| Model | Accuracy | Provenance | Source | Evaluated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Claude 3.5 Sonnet | 0.0% | Independent | Epoch AI | 1 Jul 2025 |
| Claude 3.5 Sonnet | 0.0% | Independent | Epoch AI | 1 Jul 2025 |
| Claude Opus 4 | 0.0% | Independent | Epoch AI | 1 Jul 2025 |
| Claude Sonnet 4 | 0.0% | Independent | Epoch AI | 1 Jul 2025 |
| GLM-4.7 | 0.0% | Independent | Epoch AI | 30 Jan 2026 |
| GPT-4.1 | 0.0% | Independent | Epoch AI | 1 Jul 2025 |
| GPT-5 nano OpenAI · High effort | 0.0% | Independent | Epoch AI | 30 Oct 2025 |
| Grok 3 | 0.0% | Independent | Epoch AI | 1 Jul 2025 |
| Kimi K2 Thinking | 0.0% | Independent | Epoch AI | 4 Dec 2025 |
| Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507 | 0.0% | Independent | Epoch AI | 11 Dec 2025 |
| Qwen3.5-Flash | 0.0% | Independent | Epoch AI | 12 May 2026 |
| Qwen3.6-Flash | 0.0% | Independent | Epoch AI | 12 May 2026 |
| GPT-5.4 mini OpenAI · High effort | 2.1% | Independent | Epoch AI | 15 Apr 2026 |
| Claude Haiku 4.5 Anthropic · 32K effort | 2.1% | Independent | Epoch AI | 22 Oct 2025 |
| Claude Opus 4.5 Anthropic · 16K effort | 2.1% | Independent | Epoch AI | 25 Nov 2025 |
| Claude Sonnet 4.5 | 2.1% | Independent | Epoch AI | 29 Sep 2025 |
| Gemini 2.5 Pro | 2.1% | Independent | Epoch AI | 3 Jul 2025 |
| GPT-5 nano OpenAI · Medium effort | 2.1% | Independent | Epoch AI | 7 Aug 2025 |
| Grok 4 | 2.1% | Independent | Epoch AI | 11 Aug 2025 |
| o3 OpenAI · High effort | 2.1% | Independent | Epoch AI | 1 Jul 2025 |
| o4-mini OpenAI · Medium effort | 2.1% | Independent | Epoch AI | 7 Aug 2025 |
| Qwen3.5-Plus | 2.1% | Independent | Epoch AI | 15 May 2026 |
| GLM-5 | 2.1% | Independent | Epoch AI | 19 Feb 2026 |
| GLM-4.6 | 2.1% | Independent | Epoch AI | 8 Dec 2025 |
| Claude Opus 4 Anthropic · 27K effort | 4.2% | Independent | Epoch AI | 1 Jul 2025 |
| Claude Opus 4.1 Anthropic · 27K effort | 4.2% | Independent | Epoch AI | 5 Aug 2025 |
| Claude Opus 4.5 | 4.2% | Independent | Epoch AI | 25 Nov 2025 |
| Claude Opus 4.5 Anthropic · 32K effort | 4.2% | Independent | Epoch AI | 25 Nov 2025 |
| Claude Sonnet 4.5 Anthropic · 32K effort | 4.2% | Independent | Epoch AI | 22 Oct 2025 |
| Gemini 2.5 Flash | 4.2% | Independent | Epoch AI | 18 Dec 2025 |
| Gemini 2.5 Pro | 4.2% | Independent | Epoch AI | 3 Jul 2025 |
| Gemini 3 Flash | 4.2% | Independent | Epoch AI | 17 Dec 2025 |
| GPT-5 mini OpenAI · Medium effort | 4.2% | Independent | Epoch AI | 7 Aug 2025 |
| GPT-5.1 OpenAI · Medium effort | 4.2% | Independent | Epoch AI | 17 Nov 2025 |
| o3-mini OpenAI · High effort | 4.2% | Independent | Epoch AI | 1 Jul 2025 |
| Qwen3.6-Max-Preview | 4.2% | Independent | Epoch AI | 28 May 2026 |
| GPT-5 OpenAI · Medium effort | 6.3% | Independent | Epoch AI | 7 Aug 2025 |
| GPT-5 mini OpenAI · High effort | 6.3% | Independent | Epoch AI | 30 Oct 2025 |
| GPT-5.2 OpenAI · Low effort | 6.3% | Independent | Epoch AI | 11 Dec 2025 |
| GPT-5.4 nano OpenAI · High effort | 6.3% | Independent | Epoch AI | 15 Apr 2026 |
| o4-mini OpenAI · High effort | 6.3% | Independent | Epoch AI | 1 Jul 2025 |
| Claude Sonnet 4.6 Anthropic · 16K effort | 8.3% | Independent | Epoch AI | 21 Feb 2026 |
| Qwen3.6-Plus | 8.3% | Independent | Epoch AI | 12 May 2026 |
| GLM-5.1 | 12.5% | Independent | Epoch AI | 12 May 2026 |
| GPT-5 OpenAI · High effort | 12.5% | Independent | Epoch AI | 30 Oct 2025 |
| GPT-5.1 OpenAI · High effort | 12.5% | Independent | Epoch AI | 13 Nov 2025 |
| Kimi K2.6 | 14.6% | Independent | Epoch AI | 8 May 2026 |
| Claude Opus 4.6 | 14.6% | Independent | Epoch AI | 5 Feb 2026 |
| Gemini 3.5 Flash Google DeepMind · High effort | 14.6% | Independent | Epoch AI | 25 May 2026 |
| GPT-5 Pro OpenAI · High effort | 14.6% | Independent | Epoch AI | 9 Oct 2025 |
| Gemini 3.1 Pro | 16.7% | Independent | Epoch AI | 19 Feb 2026 |
| GPT-5.2 OpenAI · Medium effort | 16.7% | Independent | Epoch AI | 11 Dec 2025 |
| Gemini 3 Pro | 18.8% | Independent | Epoch AI | 21 Nov 2025 |
| GPT-5.2 OpenAI · Xhigh effort | 18.8% | Independent | Epoch AI | 14 Dec 2025 |
| GPT-5.2 OpenAI · High effort | 18.8% | Independent | Epoch AI | 11 Dec 2025 |
| Claude Opus 4.6 Anthropic · 64K effort | 20.8% | Independent | Epoch AI | 6 Feb 2026 |
| Claude Opus 4.6 Anthropic · 32K effort | 20.8% | Independent | Epoch AI | 6 Feb 2026 |
| Claude Opus 4.6 Anthropic · Max effort | 22.9% | Independent | Epoch AI | 12 Feb 2026 |
| Claude Opus 4.7 Anthropic · Xhigh effort | 22.9% | Independent | Epoch AI | 17 Apr 2026 |
| GPT-5.4 OpenAI · Xhigh effort | 27.1% | Independent | Epoch AI | 6 Mar 2026 |
| Claude Opus 4.8 Anthropic · Max effort | 31.3% | Independent | Epoch AI | 8 Jun 2026 |
- Epoch AI, 'Capabilities & benchmarking', epoch.ai/benchmarks, CC BY 4.0.