Updated daily at 05:00 UTC
Vision-language
GPT-4.1
- Released
- 14 Apr 2025
- Status
- Legacy
- Context
- 1M
- Max output
- 32.8K
- Input per 1M tokens
- $2.00
- Output per 1M tokens
- $8.00
- Open weights
- No
- License
- proprietary
- Parameters
- —
- Knowledge cutoff
- Jun 2024
- Reasoning
- No
- Modalities
- text, image → text
Category scores
Out of 100, from independent and third-party results only, by method category-2026-09-29.1.
| Category | Score | Rank | Coverage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Knowledge & reasoning | 14.5 | 87 | 3 of 4 |
| Coding & software engineering | 52.4 | Not ranked | 1 of 5 |
| Vision & multimodal understanding | 72.0 | Not ranked | 1 of 3 |
| Factuality & hallucination | 31.1 | 51 | 1 of 1 |
| Human preference | 38.8 | Not ranked | 2 of 5 |
Benchmark results
Every result we hold for this model, with who ran it and where it was published.
Knowledge & reasoning
| Benchmark | Metric | Value | Provenance | Setting | Evaluated | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chess Puzzles | Puzzles solved | 6.0% | Independent | — | 7 Aug 2026 | Epoch AI |
| DTBench (Decision Theory Benchmark) | Accuracy (capability questions) | 68.3% | Third party | — | — | https://conceptualreasoning.ai/dtbench via Epoch AI |
| LMCA (Language Model Conceptual Argumentation) | Correlation with expert ratings (Pearson r) | 0.2561 | Third party | — | — | https://conceptualreasoning.ai/lmca via Epoch AI |
| SimpleBench | Score (AVG@5) | 27.0% | Third party | — | — | SimpleBench Leaderboard via Epoch AI |
Scientific reasoning
| Benchmark | Metric | Value | Provenance | Setting | Evaluated | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GPQA Diamond | Accuracy | 66.9% | Independent | — | 14 Apr 2025 | Epoch AI |
Mathematics
| Benchmark | Metric | Value | Provenance | Setting | Evaluated | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FrontierMath Tier 4 (v1) | Accuracy | 0.0% | Independent | — | 1 Jul 2025 | Epoch AI |
| FrontierMath Tiers 1-3 | Accuracy | 6.0% | Independent | — | 27 Aug 2026 | Epoch AI |
| FrontierMath Tiers 1-3 (v1) | Accuracy | 5.5% | Independent | — | 14 Apr 2025 | Epoch AI |
| MATH Level 5 | Accuracy | 83.0% | Independent | — | 14 Apr 2025 | Epoch AI |
| OTIS Mock AIME 2024-2025 | Accuracy | 38.3% | Independent | — | 14 Apr 2025 | Epoch AI |
Coding & software engineering
| Benchmark | Metric | Value | Provenance | Setting | Evaluated | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aider Polyglot | Percent correct | 52.4% | Third party | — | — | https://aider.chat/docs/leaderboards/ via Epoch AI |
| CadEval | Overall pass rate | 42.0% | Third party | — | — | CadEval Dashboard via Epoch AI |
| SWE-bench Verified | % resolved | 48.5% | Independent | — | 8 Feb 2026 | Epoch AI |
| WeirdML (v2) | Average accuracy | 39.0% | Third party | — | — | https://htihle.github.io/weirdml.html via Epoch AI |
Long context
| Benchmark | Metric | Value | Provenance | Setting | Evaluated | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fiction.LiveBench | % correct at 16K tokens (Epoch's column) | 63.9% | Third party | — | — | Fiction.live leaderboard via Epoch AI |
Vision & multimodal understanding
| Benchmark | Metric | Value | Provenance | Setting | Evaluated | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GeoBench | Country accuracy | 72.0% | Third party | — | — | GeoBench leaderboard via Epoch AI |
Factuality & hallucination
| Benchmark | Metric | Value | Provenance | Setting | Evaluated | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SimpleQA Verified | Accuracy (% correct) | 31.1% | Independent | — | 31 Aug 2026 | Epoch AI |
Human preference
| Benchmark | Metric | Value | Provenance | Setting | Evaluated | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Text Arena (arena.ai) | Arena score (Elo scale) | 1415 | Independent | — | 25 Sep 2026 | Arena |
| Text Arena (arena.ai) | Votes | 50001 | Independent | — | 25 Sep 2026 | Arena |
| Vision Arena (arena.ai) | Arena score (Elo scale) | 1214 | Independent | — | 28 Sep 2026 | Arena |
| Vision Arena (arena.ai) | Votes | 41027 | Independent | — | 28 Sep 2026 | Arena |
Other GPT-4.1 versions
- GPT-4.1 mini14 Apr 2025
- GPT-4.1 nano14 Apr 2025