Released
18 Jul 2024
Status
Legacy
Context
128K
Max output
16.4K
Input per 1M tokens
$0.15
Output per 1M tokens
$0.60
Open weights
No
License
proprietary
Parameters
—
Knowledge cutoff
Oct 2023
Reasoning
No
Modalities
text, image → text

Category scores

Out of 100, from independent and third-party results only, by method category-2026-09-29.1.

Category scores
CategoryScoreRankCoverage
Knowledge & reasoning4.11043 of 4
Coding & software engineering3.6Not ranked1 of 5
Agentic tool use17.4Not ranked1 of 2
Vision & multimodal understanding32.5122 of 3
Factuality & hallucination8.3691 of 1
Human preference26.6Not ranked2 of 5

Benchmark results

Every result we hold for this model, with who ran it and where it was published.

Knowledge & reasoning

Knowledge & reasoning results
BenchmarkMetricValueProvenanceSettingEvaluatedSource
Chess PuzzlesPuzzles solved0.0%Independent—15 Jul 2026Epoch AI
DTBench (Decision Theory Benchmark)Accuracy (capability questions)54.4%Third party——https://conceptualreasoning.ai/dtbench via Epoch AI
LMCA (Language Model Conceptual Argumentation)Correlation with expert ratings (Pearson r)0.1037Third party——https://conceptualreasoning.ai/lmca via Epoch AI
MMLUAccuracy76.7%Third party——Stanford CRFM Leaderboard via Epoch AI
MMLUAccuracy81.8%Self-reported——Phi-4 Technical Report via Epoch AI
Mystery Game PuzzlesPuzzles solved12.0%Independent—27 Aug 2026Epoch AI
PIQAAccuracy88.7%Self-reported——Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phone via Epoch AI
SimpleBenchScore (AVG@5)10.7%Third party——SimpleBench Leaderboard via Epoch AI

Scientific reasoning

Scientific reasoning results
BenchmarkMetricValueProvenanceSettingEvaluatedSource
GPQA DiamondAccuracy37.7%Independent—27 Jan 2025Epoch AI

Mathematics

Mathematics results
BenchmarkMetricValueProvenanceSettingEvaluatedSource
FrontierMath Tiers 1-3Accuracy0.7%Independent—27 Aug 2026Epoch AI
GSM8KExact match91.3%Self-reported——Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phone via Epoch AI
MATH Level 5Accuracy52.6%Independent—27 Jan 2025Epoch AI
OTIS Mock AIME 2024-2025Accuracy6.9%Independent—30 Jul 2025Epoch AI

Coding & software engineering

Coding & software engineering results
BenchmarkMetricValueProvenanceSettingEvaluatedSource
Aider PolyglotPercent correct3.6%Third party——https://aider.chat/docs/leaderboards/ via Epoch AI
WeirdML (v2)Average accuracy11.8%Third party——https://htihle.github.io/weirdml.html via Epoch AI

Agentic tool use

Agentic tool use results
BenchmarkMetricValueProvenanceSettingEvaluatedSource
BALROGAverage progress17.4%Third party——https://balrogai.com/ via Epoch AI

Vision & multimodal understanding

Vision & multimodal understanding results
BenchmarkMetricValueProvenanceSettingEvaluatedSource
GeoBenchCountry accuracy64.0%Third party——GeoBench leaderboard via Epoch AI
Visual Physics Comprehension Test (VPCT)Correct34.0%Third party——VPCT leaderboard via Epoch AI

Factuality & hallucination

Factuality & hallucination results
BenchmarkMetricValueProvenanceSettingEvaluatedSource
SimpleQA VerifiedAccuracy (% correct)8.3%Independent—31 Aug 2026Epoch AI

Writing

Writing results
BenchmarkMetricValueProvenanceSettingEvaluatedSource
LLM Creative Story-Writing Benchmark V1 (Lech Mazur)Mean rubric score (percent of the 10-point scale)67.2%Third party——lechmazur/writing Github repository via Epoch AI

Human preference

Human preference results
BenchmarkMetricValueProvenanceSettingEvaluatedSource
Text Arena (arena.ai)Arena score (Elo scale)1318Independent—25 Sep 2026Arena
Text Arena (arena.ai)Votes68697Independent—25 Sep 2026Arena
Vision Arena (arena.ai)Arena score (Elo scale)1097Independent—28 Sep 2026Arena
Vision Arena (arena.ai)Votes17341Independent—28 Sep 2026Arena

Other GPT-4o versions

Sources